ekev answers

Eikev 5724
Alef.

1. The common denominator in all three passages is that when the Jews find themselves in good circumstances, they will neglect to recall HaShem’s Role in positioning them to benefit from so much.

2.

דברים פרק ו

(י) וְהָיָה כִּי יְבִיאֲךָ יְקֹוָק אֱלֹקיךָ אֶל הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּע לַאֲבֹתֶיךָ לְאַבְרָהָם לְיִצְחָק וּלְיַעֲקֹב לָתֶת לָךְ עָרִים גְּדֹלֹת וְטֹבֹת אֲשֶׁר לֹא בָנִיתָ:

(יא) וּבָתִּים מְלֵאִים כָּל טוּב אֲשֶׁר לֹא מִלֵּאתָ וּבֹרֹת חֲצוּבִים אֲשֶׁר לֹא חָצַבְתָּ כְּרָמִים וְזֵיתִים אֲשֶׁר לֹא נָטָעְתָּ וְאָכַלְתָּ וְשָׂבָעְתָּ: התנאי

(יב) תשובת התנאי הִשָּׁמֶר לְךָ פֶּן תִּשְׁכַּח אֶת יְקֹוָק אֲשֶׁר הוֹצִיאֲךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם מִבֵּית עֲבָדִים:

דברים פרק ח

   (ו) וְשָׁמַרְתָּ אֶת מִצְוֹת יְקֹוָק אֱלֹקיךָ לָלֶכֶת בִּדְרָכָיו וּלְיִרְאָה אֹתוֹ:

(ז) כִּי יְקֹוָק אֱלֹקיךָ מְבִיאֲךָ אֶל אֶרֶץ טוֹבָה אֶרֶץ נַחֲלֵי מָיִם עֲיָנֹת וּתְהֹמֹת יֹצְאִים בַּבִּקְעָה וּבָהָר:

(ח) אֶרֶץ חִטָּה וּשְׂעֹרָה וְגֶפֶן וּתְאֵנָה וְרִמּוֹן אֶרֶץ זֵית שֶׁמֶן וּדְבָשׁ:

(ט) אֶרֶץ אֲשֶׁר לֹא בְמִסְכֵּנֻת תֹּאכַל בָּהּ לֶחֶם לֹא תֶחְסַר כֹּל בָּהּ אֶרֶץ אֲשֶׁר אֲבָנֶיהָ בַרְזֶל וּמֵהֲרָרֶיהָ תַּחְצֹב נְחֹשֶׁת:

 (י) תשובת התנאי וְאָכַלְתָּ וְשָׂבָעְתָּ וּבֵרַכְתָּ אֶת יְקֹוָק אֱלֹקיךָ עַל הָאָרֶץ הַטֹּבָה אֲשֶׁר נָתַן לָךְ:

  (יא) הִשָּׁמֶר לְךָ פֶּן תִּשְׁכַּח אֶת יְקֹוָק אֱלֹקיךָ לְבִלְתִּי שְׁמֹר מִצְוֹתָיו וּמִשְׁפָּטָיו וְחֻקֹּתָיו אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ הַיּוֹם: התנאי

שם

(יב) התנאי פֶּן תֹּאכַל וְשָׂבָעְתָּ וּבָתִּים טֹבִים תִּבְנֶה וְיָשָׁבְתָּ:

(יג) וּבְקָרְךָ וְצֹאנְךָ יִרְבְּיֻן וְכֶסֶף וְזָהָב יִרְבֶּה לָּךְ וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר לְךָ יִרְבֶּה:

(יד) וְרָם לְבָבֶךָ וְשָׁכַחְתָּ אֶת יְקֹוָק אֱלֹהֶיךָ הַמּוֹצִיאֲךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם מִבֵּית עֲבָדִים:

(טו) הַמּוֹלִיכֲךָ בַּמִּדְבָּר הַגָּדֹל וְהַנּוֹרָא נָחָשׁ שָׂרָף וְעַקְרָב וְצִמָּאוֹן אֲשֶׁר אֵין מָיִם הַמּוֹצִיא לְךָ מַיִם מִצּוּר הַחַלָּמִישׁ:

(טז) הַמַּאֲכִלְךָ מָן בַּמִּדְבָּר אֲשֶׁר לֹא יָדְעוּן אֲבֹתֶיךָ לְמַעַן עַנֹּתְךָ וּלְמַעַן נַסֹּתֶךָ לְהֵיטִבְךָ בְּאַחֲרִיתֶךָ:

(יז) וְאָמַרְתָּ בִּלְבָבֶךָ כֹּחִי וְעֹצֶם יָדִי עָשָׂה לִי אֶת הַחַיִל הַזֶּה:

(יח) תשובת התנאי וְזָכַרְתָּ אֶת יְקֹוָק אֱלֹקיךָ כִּי הוּא הַנֹּתֵן לְךָ כֹּחַ לַעֲשׂוֹת חָיִל לְמַעַן הָקִים אֶת בְּרִיתוֹ אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּע לַאֲבֹתֶיךָ כַּיּוֹם הַזֶּה: פ

3. Devarim 6:10-12

Cities that you have not built; full houses that you have not filled; irrigation ditches that you have not dug; vineyards and orchards that you have not planted.

Ibid. 8:7-11

A land of water features; a land with abundant grains and fruits; a land that is fertile and provides sufficient food for its inhabitants; a land from which iron and copper can be mined.

Ibid. 12-18

You will eat to satiation; build fine houses in which you will dwell; have abundant herds; possess great wealth; have everything in abundance.

4. Devarim 6:10-12

Not appreciating what led up to all of the benefits that the Jewish people experienced as soon as they reached the land of Israel.

          Ibid. 8:7-11

Not appreciating the tremendous kindness God has Done the Jewish people by Providing them with a land so richly endowed with natural resources.

                   Ibid. 12-18

Once you have become successful through your own efforts, you will take complete credit for your achievements rather than appreciating God’s Role in allowing you to achieve so well.

5. The three sections reflect a chronological progression:

Devarim 6:10-12

The Jews first arrive in the land of Israel to find ready-made food and infrastructure.

Ibid. 8:7-11

Once they are in the land, they come to recognize all of the land’s natural resources as they explore their new homeland.

Ibid. 12-18

They are in the land for a while and have achieved by means of their own efforts great success.

6. In 8:7-11, the people have just arrived in the land, and the qualities of the land would be fresh in the people’s minds, allowing God to Take credit for having Brought them to such a wonderful place. In v. 12-8, the people have already been in the land for some time, and therefore the qualities of the land have paled in comparison with how individual people have managed to utilize these resources for their own advancement. Since they might be blinded by their achievements vis-à-vis the land’s qualities, emphasis is placed upon the role of HaShem in Bringing them to a land wherein they could be so successful. 

7.  The verses in Devarim 32 appear to invoke the land’s natural resources rather than things that were found there made by its previous inhabitants, or things that the people eventually accomplished on their own.

דברים פרק לב

(יג) יַרְכִּבֵהוּ עַל בָּמֳתֵי אָרֶץ וַיֹּאכַל תְּנוּבֹת שָׂדָי וַיֵּנִקֵהוּ דְבַשׁ מִסֶּלַע וְשֶׁמֶן מֵחַלְמִישׁ צוּר:

(יד) חֶמְאַת בָּקָר וַחֲלֵב צֹאן עִם חֵלֶב כָּרִים וְאֵילִים בְּנֵי בָשָׁן וְעַתּוּדִים עִם חֵלֶב כִּלְיוֹת חִטָּה וְדַם עֵנָב תִּשְׁתֶּה חָמֶר:

He made him ride on the high places of the earth, and he did eat the fruitage of the field; and He made him to suck honey out of the crag, and oil out of the flinty rock; Curd of kine, and milk of sheep, with fat of lambs, and rams of the breed of Bashan, and he-goats, with the kidney-fat of wheat; and of the blood of the grape thou drankest foaming wine. 

(טו) וַיִּשְׁמַן יְשֻׁרוּן וַיִּבְעָט שָׁמַנְתָּ עָבִיתָ כָּשִׂיתָ וַיִּטֹּשׁ אֱלוֹק עָשָׂהוּ וַיְנַבֵּל צוּר יְשֻׁעָתוֹ:

(טז) יַקְנִאֻהוּ בְּזָרִים בְּתוֹעֵבֹת יַכְעִיסֻהוּ:

(יז) יִזְבְּחוּ לַשֵּׁדִים לֹא אֱלֹהַּ אֱלֹהִים לֹא יְדָעוּם חֲדָשִׁים מִקָּרֹב בָּאוּ לֹא שְׂעָרוּם אֲבֹתֵיכֶם:

(יח) צוּר יְלָדְךָ תֶּשִׁי וַתִּשְׁכַּח אֵל מְחֹלְלֶךָ:

Beit.

In Shemot 1:11, when the storage cities that the Jews were forced to construct for the Egyptians are mentioned, the same terminology is invoked:

שמות פרק א

(יא) וַיָּשִׂימוּ עָלָיו שָׂרֵי מִסִּים לְמַעַן עַנֹּתוֹ בְּסִבְלֹתָם וַיִּבֶן עָרֵי מִסְכְּנוֹת לְפַרְעֹה אֶת פִּתֹם וְאֶת רַעַמְסֵס:

Consequently, in Egypt, in order to be provided with food the slaves had to work in dangerous conditions. This will not be the case in the land of Israel, another dimension of the sentiment expressed in Devarim:

דברים פרק יא

(י) כִּי הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה בָא שָׁמָּה לְרִשְׁתָּהּ לֹא כְאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם הִוא אֲשֶׁר יְצָאתֶם מִשָּׁם אֲשֶׁר תִּזְרַע אֶת זַרְעֲךָ וְהִשְׁקִיתָ בְרַגְלְךָ כְּגַן הַיָּרָק:

Gimel.

1. The phrase, “נחש, שרף ועקרב” comprised of nouns, seems to be used as an adjectival phrase in Devarim 8:15, but the noun that is being modified by them in a prepositional phrase is unidentified

2. Ibn Ezra understands the word “מדבר” to be the object of description not only of the adjectives “גדול ונורא”, but also of נחש, שרף ועקרב"”, i.e., a desert that contains “snakes, fiery snakes and soorpions”. The Beiur does not attach the three nouns to “desert” but rather to an understood phrase referring simply to a “place” containing these animal forms.

Daled.

1.  Usually memories are catalyzed by some reminder or association that parallels or is similar to that which is ultimately remembered. However, in this case, the memory appears to be the opposite of what the previous thought is described to be, i.e., in Devarim 8:17-8—“And thou say in thy heart: 'My power and the might of my hand hath gotten me this wealth.' But thou shalt remember the LORD thy God, for it is He that Giveth thee power to get wealth, that He may Establish His Covenant which He Swore unto thy fathers, as it is this day.” Why would thinking that one has accomplished everything by his own devices inspire the thought that it is actually HaShem Who is Responsible for the individual’s success?

2.  In the second paragraph of Shema, Devarim 11:16-8, one encounters a sudden shift of this nature as well:  “Take heed to yourselves, lest your heart be deceived, and ye turn aside, and serve other gods, and worship them; and the anger of the LORD be kindled against you, and He shut up the heaven, so that there shall be no rain, and the ground shall not yield her fruit; and ye perish quickly from off the good land which the LORD giveth you. Therefore shall ye lay up these My words in your heart and in your soul; and ye shall bind them for a sign upon your hand, and they shall be for frontlets between your eyes.” If people are already “off the Derech”, why would they suddenly return? But rather the Tora in both places are discussing what one should do before the fact, to avoid making such mistakes, or even after the fact, if one is disillusioned by the path upon which he has embarked, to consciously and pro-actively seek to go in a different direction.

Heh.

דברים פרק ח

ב) וְזָכַרְתָּ אֶת כָּל הַדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר הוֹלִיכֲךָ יְקֹוָק אֱלֹקיךָ זֶה אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה בַּמִּדְבָּר לְמַעַן עַנֹּתְךָ לְנַסֹּתְךָ לָדַעַת אֶת אֲשֶׁר בִּלְבָבְךָ הֲתִשְׁמֹר מִצְוֹתָיו אִם לֹא:

(ג) וַיְעַנְּךָ וַיַּרְעִבֶךָ וַיַּאֲכִלְךָ אֶת הַמָּן אֲשֶׁר לֹא יָדַעְתָּ וְלֹא יָדְעוּן אֲבֹתֶיךָ לְמַעַן הוֹדִיעֲךָ כִּי לֹא עַל הַלֶּחֶם לְבַדּוֹ יִחְיֶה הָאָדָם כִּי עַל כָּל מוֹצָא פִי יְקֹוָק יִחְיֶה הָאָדָם:

(ד) שִׂמְלָתְךָ לֹא בָלְתָה מֵעָלֶיךָ וְרַגְלְךָ לֹא בָצֵקָה זֶה אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה:

(ה) וְיָדַעְתָּ עִם לְבָבֶךָ כִּי כַּאֲשֶׁר יְיַסֵּר אִישׁ אֶת בְּנוֹ יְקֹוָק אֱלֹקיךָ מְיַסְּרֶךָּ:

(ו) וְשָׁמַרְתָּ אֶת מִצְוֹת יְקֹוָק אֱלֹקיךָ לָלֶכֶת בִּדְרָכָיו וּלְיִרְאָה אֹתוֹ:

(ז) כִּי יְקֹוָק אֱלֹקיךָ מְבִיאֲךָ אֶל אֶרֶץ טוֹבָה אֶרֶץ נַחֲלֵי מָיִם עֲיָנֹת וּתְהֹמֹת יֹצְאִים בַּבִּקְעָה וּבָהָר:

(ח) אֶרֶץ חִטָּה וּשְׂעֹרָה וְגֶפֶן וּתְאֵנָה וְרִמּוֹן אֶרֶץ זֵית שֶׁמֶן וּדְבָשׁ:

(ט) אֶרֶץ אֲשֶׁר לֹא בְמִסְכֵּנֻת תֹּאכַל בָּהּ לֶחֶם לֹא תֶחְסַר כֹּל בָּהּ אֶרֶץ אֲשֶׁר אֲבָנֶיהָ בַרְזֶל וּמֵהֲרָרֶיהָ תַּחְצֹב נְחֹשֶׁת:

(י) וְאָכַלְתָּ וְשָׂבָעְתָּ וּבֵרַכְתָּ אֶת יְקֹוָק אֱלֹקיךָ עַל הָאָרֶץ הַטֹּבָה אֲשֶׁר נָתַן לָךְ:

(יא) הִשָּׁמֶר לְךָ פֶּן תִּשְׁכַּח אֶת יְקֹוָק אֱלֹקיךָ לְבִלְתִּי שְׁמֹר מִצְוֹתָיו וּמִשְׁפָּטָיו וְחֻקֹּתָיו אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ הַיּוֹם:

(יב) פֶּן תֹּאכַל וְשָׂבָעְתָּ וּבָתִּים טֹבִים תִּבְנֶה וְיָשָׁבְתָּ:

(יג) וּבְקָרְךָ וְצֹאנְךָ יִרְבְּיֻן וְכֶסֶף וְזָהָב יִרְבֶּה לָּךְ וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר לְךָ יִרְבֶּה:

(יד) וְרָם לְבָבֶךָ וְשָׁכַחְתָּ אֶת יְקֹוָק אֱלֹקיךָ הַמּוֹצִיאֲךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם מִבֵּית עֲבָדִים:

(טו) הַמּוֹלִיכֲךָ בַּמִּדְבָּר הַגָּדֹל וְהַנּוֹרָא נָחָשׁ שָׂרָף וְעַקְרָב וְצִמָּאוֹן אֲשֶׁר אֵין מָיִם הַמּוֹצִיא לְךָ מַיִם מִצּוּר הַחַלָּמִישׁ:

(טז) הַמַּאֲכִלְךָ מָן בַּמִּדְבָּר אֲשֶׁר לֹא יָדְעוּן אֲבֹתֶיךָ לְמַעַן עַנֹּתְךָ וּלְמַעַן נַסֹּתֶךָ לְהֵיטִבְךָ בְּאַחֲרִיתֶךָ:

(יז) וְאָמַרְתָּ בִּלְבָבֶךָ כֹּחִי וְעֹצֶם יָדִי עָשָׂה לִי אֶת הַחַיִל הַזֶּה:     

 Devarim 8:2 deals with the desert not only as a qualitative entity, but also as one where the people have been sentenced to wander for forty years as a result of the sin of the spies. The reference in 8:16 is to only the fact that they had to go into the desert to demonstrate their loyalty to God, but not as a punishment for some previous wrongdoing that would result in affliction for its own sake as a manifestation of atonement. Of the three examples of Divine Tests in the Midrash, the first two contain the additional factor of not only testing only those that are up to the task, but also who will improve over the course of the test, in contrast to the second example, where all that is important is which animal will be able to withstand the burden with which he is tasked. The forty year sentence was in the interests of improving the Jewish people to allow them to overcome their shortcomings, whereas the idea of simply going into the desert in the first place, prior to the decree of forty years, addresses who will be tested, but not necessarily improved as a result.