VaYishlach 5720
בראשית פרק לב
א וַיַּשְׁכֵּם לָבָן בַּבֹּקֶר, וַיְנַשֵּׁק לְבָנָיו וְלִבְנוֹתָיו--וַיְבָרֶךְ אֶתְהֶם; וַיֵּלֶךְ וַיָּשָׁב לָבָן, לִמְקֹמוֹ. ב וְיַעֲקֹב, הָלַךְ לְדַרְכּוֹ; וַיִּפְגְּעוּ-בוֹ, מַלְאֲכֵי אֱלֹקים. ג וַיֹּאמֶר יַעֲקֹב כַּאֲשֶׁר רָאָם, מַחֲנֵה אֱלֹקים זֶה; וַיִּקְרָא שֵׁם-הַמָּקוֹם הַהוּא, מַחֲנָיִם. {פ} ד וַיִּשְׁלַח יַעֲקֹב מַלְאָכִים לְפָנָיו, אֶל-עֵשָׂו אָחִיו, אַרְצָה שֵׂעִיר, שְׂדֵה אֱדוֹם. ה וַיְצַו אֹתָם, לֵאמֹר, כֹּה תֹאמְרוּן, לַאדֹנִי לְעֵשָׂו: כֹּה אָמַר, עַבְדְּךָ יַעֲקֹב, עִם-לָבָן גַּרְתִּי, וָאֵחַר עַד-עָתָּה. ו וַיְהִי-לִי שׁוֹר וַחֲמוֹר, צֹאן וְעֶבֶד וְשִׁפְחָה; וָאֶשְׁלְחָה לְהַגִּיד לַאדֹנִי, לִמְצֹא-חֵן בְּעֵינֶיךָ. ז וַיָּשֻׁבוּ, הַמַּלְאָכִים, אֶל-יַעֲקֹב, לֵאמֹר: בָּאנוּ אֶל-אָחִיךָ, אֶל-עֵשָׂו, וְגַם הֹלֵךְ לִקְרָאתְךָ, וְאַרְבַּע-מֵאוֹת אִישׁ עִמּוֹ. ח וַיִּירָא יַעֲקֹב מְאֹד, וַיֵּצֶר לוֹ; וַיַּחַץ אֶת-הָעָם אֲשֶׁר-אִתּוֹ, וְאֶת-הַצֹּאן וְאֶת-הַבָּקָר וְהַגְּמַלִּים--לִשְׁנֵי מַחֲנוֹת. טוַיֹּאמֶר, אִם-יָבוֹא עֵשָׂו אֶל-הַמַּחֲנֶה הָאַחַת וְהִכָּהוּ--וְהָיָה הַמַּחֲנֶה הַנִּשְׁאָר, לִפְלֵיטָה. י וַיֹּאמֶר, יַעֲקֹב, אֱלֹקי אָבִי אַבְרָהָם, וֵאלֹקי אָבִי יִצְחָק: ה' הָאֹמֵר אֵלַי, שׁוּב לְאַרְצְךָ וּלְמוֹלַדְתְּךָ--וְאֵיטִיבָה עִמָּךְ. יא קָטֹנְתִּי מִכֹּל הַחֲסָדִים, וּמִכָּל-הָאֱמֶת, אֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתָ, אֶת-עַבְדֶּךָ: כִּי בְמַקְלִי, עָבַרְתִּי אֶת-הַיַּרְדֵּן הַזֶּה, וְעַתָּה הָיִיתִי, לִשְׁנֵי מַחֲנוֹת. יב הַצִּילֵנִי נָא מִיַּד אָחִי, מִיַּד עֵשָׂו: כִּי-יָרֵא אָנֹכִי, אֹתוֹ--פֶּן-יָבוֹא וְהִכַּנִי, אֵם עַל-בָּנִים. יג וְאַתָּה אָמַרְתָּ, הֵיטֵב אֵיטִיב עִמָּךְ; וְשַׂמְתִּי אֶת-זַרְעֲךָ כְּחוֹל הַיָּם, אֲשֶׁר לֹא-יִסָּפֵר מֵרֹב. יד וַיָּלֶן שָׁם, בַּלַּיְלָה הַהוּא; וַיִּקַּח מִן-הַבָּא בְיָדוֹ, מִנְחָה--לְעֵשָׂו אָחִיו. טו עִזִּים מָאתַיִם, וּתְיָשִׁים עֶשְׂרִים, רְחֵלִים מָאתַיִם, וְאֵילִים עֶשְׂרִים. טז גְּמַלִּים מֵינִיקוֹת וּבְנֵיהֶם, שְׁלֹשִׁים; פָּרוֹת אַרְבָּעִים, וּפָרִים עֲשָׂרָה, אֲתֹנֹת עֶשְׂרִים, וַעְיָרִם עֲשָׂרָה. יז וַיִּתֵּן, בְּיַד-עֲבָדָיו, עֵדֶר עֵדֶר, לְבַדּוֹ; וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל-עֲבָדָיו, עִבְרוּ לְפָנַי, וְרֶוַח תָּשִׂימוּ, בֵּין עֵדֶר וּבֵין עֵדֶר. יח וַיְצַו אֶת-הָרִאשׁוֹן, לֵאמֹר: כִּי יִפְגָשְׁךָ עֵשָׂו אָחִי, וּשְׁאֵלְךָ לֵאמֹר, לְמִי-אַתָּה וְאָנָה תֵלֵךְ, וּלְמִי אֵלֶּה לְפָנֶיךָ. יט וְאָמַרְתָּ, לְעַבְדְּךָ לְיַעֲקֹב--מִנְחָה הִוא שְׁלוּחָה, לַאדֹנִי לְעֵשָׂו; וְהִנֵּה גַם-הוּא, אַחֲרֵינוּ. כ וַיְצַו גַּם אֶת-הַשֵּׁנִי, גַּם אֶת-הַשְּׁלִישִׁי, גַּם אֶת-כָּל-הַהֹלְכִים, אַחֲרֵי הָעֲדָרִים לֵאמֹר: כַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה תְּדַבְּרוּן אֶל-עֵשָׂו, בְּמֹצַאֲכֶם אֹתוֹ. כא וַאֲמַרְתֶּם--גַּם הִנֵּה עַבְדְּךָ יַעֲקֹב, אַחֲרֵינוּ: כִּי-אָמַר אֲכַפְּרָה פָנָיו, בַּמִּנְחָה הַהֹלֶכֶת לְפָנָי, וְאַחֲרֵי-כֵן אֶרְאֶה פָנָיו, אוּלַי יִשָּׂא פָנָי. כב וַתַּעֲבֹר הַמִּנְחָה, עַל-פָּנָיו; וְהוּא לָן בַּלַּיְלָה-הַהוּא, בַּמַּחֲנֶה. כג וַיָּקָם בַּלַּיְלָה הוּא, וַיִּקַּח אֶת-שְׁתֵּי נָשָׁיו וְאֶת-שְׁתֵּי שִׁפְחֹתָיו, וְאֶת-אַחַד עָשָׂר, יְלָדָיו; וַיַּעֲבֹר, אֵת מַעֲבַר יַבֹּק. כד וַיִּקָּחֵם--וַיַּעֲבִרֵם, אֶת-הַנָּחַל; וַיַּעֲבֵר, אֶת-אֲשֶׁר-לוֹ. כה וַיִּוָּתֵר יַעֲקֹב, לְבַדּוֹ; וַיֵּאָבֵק אִישׁ עִמּוֹ, עַד עֲלוֹת הַשָּׁחַר. כו וַיַּרְא, כִּי לֹא יָכֹל לוֹ, וַיִּגַּע, בְּכַף-יְרֵכוֹ; וַתֵּקַע כַּף-יֶרֶךְ יַעֲקֹב, בְּהֵאָבְקוֹ עִמּוֹ. כז וַיֹּאמֶר שַׁלְּחֵנִי, כִּי עָלָה הַשָּׁחַר; וַיֹּאמֶר לֹא אֲשַׁלֵּחֲךָ, כִּי אִם-בֵּרַכְתָּנִי. כח וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו, מַה-שְּׁמֶךָ; וַיֹּאמֶר, יַעֲקֹב. כט וַיֹּאמֶר, לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֹד שִׁמְךָ--כִּי, אִם-יִשְׂרָאֵל: כִּי-שָׂרִיתָ עִם-אֱלֹקים וְעִם-אֲנָשִׁים, וַתּוּכָל. ל וַיִּשְׁאַל יַעֲקֹב, וַיֹּאמֶר הַגִּידָה-נָּא שְׁמֶךָ, וַיֹּאמֶר, לָמָּה זֶּה תִּשְׁאַל לִשְׁמִי; וַיְבָרֶךְ אֹתוֹ, שָׁם. לא וַיִּקְרָא יַעֲקֹב שֵׁם הַמָּקוֹם, פְּנִיאֵל: כִּי-רָאִיתִי אֱלֹקים פָּנִים אֶל-פָּנִים, וַתִּנָּצֵל נַפְשִׁי. לב וַיִּזְרַח-לוֹ הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, כַּאֲשֶׁר עָבַר אֶת-פְּנוּאֵל; וְהוּא צֹלֵעַ, עַל-יְרֵכוֹ. לג עַל-כֵּן לֹא-יֹאכְלוּ בְנֵי-יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת-גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה, אֲשֶׁר עַל-כַּף הַיָּרֵךְ, עַד, הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה: כִּי נָגַע בְּכַף-יֶרֶךְ יַעֲקֹב, בְּגִיד הַנָּשֶׁה.
בראשית פרק לג
א וַיִּשָּׂא יַעֲקֹב עֵינָיו, וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה עֵשָׂו בָּא, וְעִמּוֹ, אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת אִישׁ; וַיַּחַץ אֶת-הַיְלָדִים, עַל-לֵאָה וְעַל-רָחֵל, וְעַל, שְׁתֵּי הַשְּׁפָחוֹת. ב וַיָּשֶׂם אֶת-הַשְּׁפָחוֹת וְאֶת-יַלְדֵיהֶן, רִאשֹׁנָה; וְאֶת-לֵאָה וִילָדֶיהָ אַחֲרֹנִים, וְאֶת-רָחֵל וְאֶת-יוֹסֵף אַחֲרֹנִים. ג וְהוּא, עָבַר לִפְנֵיהֶם; וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ אַרְצָה שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים, עַד-גִּשְׁתּוֹ עַד-אָחִיו. ד וַיָּרָץ עֵשָׂו לִקְרָאתוֹ וַיְחַבְּקֵהוּ, וַיִּפֹּל עַל-צַוָּארָו וַיִּשָּׁקֵהוּ; וַיִּבְכּוּ. ה וַיִּשָּׂא אֶת-עֵינָיו, וַיַּרְא אֶת-הַנָּשִׁים וְאֶת-הַיְלָדִים, וַיֹּאמֶר, מִי-אֵלֶּה לָּךְ; וַיֹּאמַר--הַיְלָדִים, אֲשֶׁר-חָנַן אֱלֹהִים אֶת-עַבְדֶּךָ. ו וַתִּגַּשְׁןָ הַשְּׁפָחוֹת הֵנָּה וְיַלְדֵיהֶן, וַתִּשְׁתַּחֲוֶיןָ. ז וַתִּגַּשׁ גַּם-לֵאָה וִילָדֶיהָ, וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ; וְאַחַר, נִגַּשׁ יוֹסֵף וְרָחֵל--וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ. ח וַיֹּאמֶר, מִי לְךָ כָּל-הַמַּחֲנֶה הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר פָּגָשְׁתִּי; וַיֹּאמֶר, לִמְצֹא-חֵן בְּעֵינֵי אֲדֹנִי. ט וַיֹּאמֶר עֵשָׂו, יֶשׁ-לִי רָב; אָחִי, יְהִי לְךָ אֲשֶׁר-לָךְ. י וַיֹּאמֶר יַעֲקֹב, אַל-נָא אִם-נָא מָצָאתִי חֵן בְּעֵינֶיךָ, וְלָקַחְתָּ מִנְחָתִי, מִיָּדִי: כִּי עַל-כֵּן רָאִיתִי פָנֶיךָ, כִּרְאֹת פְּנֵי אֱלֹקים--וַתִּרְצֵנִי. יא קַח-נָא אֶת-בִּרְכָתִי אֲשֶׁר הֻבָאת לָךְ, כִּי-חַנַּנִי אֱלֹקים וְכִי יֶשׁ-לִי-כֹל; וַיִּפְצַר-בּוֹ, וַיִּקָּח. יבוַיֹּאמֶר, נִסְעָה וְנֵלֵכָה; וְאֵלְכָה, לְנֶגְדֶּךָ. יג וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו, אֲדֹנִי יֹדֵעַ כִּי-הַיְלָדִים רַכִּים, וְהַצֹּאן וְהַבָּקָר, עָלוֹת עָלָי; וּדְפָקוּם יוֹם אֶחָד, וָמֵתוּ כָּל-הַצֹּאן. יד יַעֲבָר-נָא אֲדֹנִי, לִפְנֵי עַבְדּוֹ; וַאֲנִי אֶתְנָהֲלָה לְאִטִּי, לְרֶגֶל הַמְּלָאכָה אֲשֶׁר-לְפָנַי וּלְרֶגֶל הַיְלָדִים, עַד אֲשֶׁר-אָבֹא אֶל-אֲדֹנִי, שֵׂעִירָה. טו וַיֹּאמֶר עֵשָׂו--אַצִּיגָה-נָּא עִמְּךָ, מִן-הָעָם אֲשֶׁר אִתִּי; וַיֹּאמֶר לָמָּה זֶּה, אֶמְצָא-חֵן בְּעֵינֵי אֲדֹנִי. טז וַיָּשָׁב בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא עֵשָׂו לְדַרְכּוֹ, שֵׂעִירָה. יז וְיַעֲקֹב נָסַע סֻכֹּתָה, וַיִּבֶן לוֹ בָּיִת; וּלְמִקְנֵהוּ עָשָׂה סֻכֹּת, עַל-כֵּן קָרָא שֵׁם-הַמָּקוֹם סֻכּוֹת. {ס} יח וַיָּבֹא יַעֲקֹב שָׁלֵם עִיר שְׁכֶם, אֲשֶׁר בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן, בְּבֹאוֹ, מִפַּדַּן אֲרָם; וַיִּחַן, אֶת-פְּנֵי הָעִיר. יט וַיִּקֶן אֶת-חֶלְקַת הַשָּׂדֶה, אֲשֶׁר נָטָה-שָׁם אָהֳלוֹ, מִיַּד בְּנֵי-חֲמוֹר, אֲבִי שְׁכֶם--בְּמֵאָה, קְשִׂיטָה. כ וַיַּצֶּב-שָׁם, מִזְבֵּחַ; וַיִּקְרָא-לוֹ--אֵל, אֱלֹקי יִשְׂרָאֵל. {ס}
Alef.
1. RaShBam assumes that because Eisav does not treat Yaakov badly when they finally encounter one another, he never intended to do anything to the contrary. The four hundred men were meant to honor his brother.
RaMBaN believes that the absence of any report on the part of Yaakov's messengers of any sort of cordial statements on the part of Eisav suggest that initially he was quite hostile to meeting Yaakov. The four hundred men were intended as at least a show of force, if not an actual war party. It is only one he sees Yaakov's obsequiousness and generosity suggesting that Y. Was finally acknowledging Eisav's superior (first-born?) status, that he reconsiders and assumes a more friendly posture.
2. In Shemot 4:14, when HaShem Tells Moshe that Aharon's will serve as the spokesperson to Pharoah, due to Moshe's continual remonstrations, He Adds that when Aharon will come to meet Moshe as the latter returns to Egypt, he will rejoice upon seeing his younger brother. Tradition maintains that Aharon had bee the long-serving leader of the Jews in Egypt, and could have been well-expected to be resentful of his younger brother coming to replace him and lowering his status to mere spokesperson. However this was not the case. Since RaShBaM is of the opinion that Eisav was not resentful to meet his younger brother after all this time, it is understandable why he sees the reunion of Aharon and Moshe as a parallel example.
3. a. "We came to your brother Eisav"--since they did not cite Eisav as refusing to receive them, RaShBaM presumes that Eisav had received them in a friendly fashion.
b. "Eisav is coming to meet you"--instead of waiting for Yaakov to reach him, which would put Eisav in a superior, power position, Eisav was acting in a positive, respectful fashion by coming forward in anticipation of Yaakov's arrival.
c. "And four hundred men with him"--the entourage were coming as a reflection of honor rather than an indication of possible violence and physical threat.
4. RaMBaN's first interpretation maintains that whereas the messengers returned with a positive report, similar to RaShBaM's approach, Yaakov trusted nether the messengers nor his brother. He apparently continued to be traumatized by Eisav's threat against his life, however many years ago it had been made.
RaMBaN's second interpretation supports Yaakov's suspicions, attributing to Eisav vicious intentions at the outset. Eisav changed his attitude when he finally encountered his brother who came bowing and bearing gifts.
5. RaMBaN says "it is not necessary" when accounting for why Eisav's positive response to the messengers is not recorded. (In his second commentary, the absence of E.'s response serves as the basis for the commentator's conclusion that Eisav originally did mean Yaakov harm.) RaMBaN states in a number of places דברי תורה עשירים במקום אחד ועניים במקום אחר. Therefore, the "argument from silence", I.e., trying to demonstrate an idea by virtue of what is not said rather than what is said, does carry all that much weight with RaMBaN.
A comparison of three accounts of an incident where clearly some material is left out during the repetitions for obvious reasons:
6. Perhaps RaMBaN interpreted the phrase due to the additional language "Me'Od". While it is understandable that Yaakov would be afraid, the fact that the text says "he was very afraid", and, in addition, that "he was troubled", urges seeking a deeper understanding. Perhaps simple fear would be engendered by hearing that Eisav was coming out to meet him. But when he hears that four hundred men were coming with Eisav, the potential danger was transformed in his mind into a certainty.
Beit.
1. RaShBaM, in the comment cited in question 1 from 32:7, posited that Eisav had never meant Yaakov any harm (either because he had truly changed over time, or HaShem had not Permitted him to do anything untoward to Yaakov, as in the cases of Avimelech vis-à-vis Avraham [20:3]2 and Lavan vis-à-vis Yaakov [31:24]).3 The comments appearing in question 2 are consistent with that initial assumption, in the sense that the purpose of the angel wrestling with Yaakov was to prevent him from running away from the confrontation with Eisav. The idea that Eisav was going to harm Yaakov was therefore not only something imagined on the part of Yaakov, but also an indication that he placed no confidence in the assurance that God had Given him at the beginning of VaYetze that (28:15) “And, behold, I Am with thee, and will Keep thee whithersoever thou goest, and will Bring thee back into this land; for I will not Leave thee, until I have Done that which I have Spoken to thee of,' i.e., (Ibid. 13-4) “And, behold, the LORD Stood beside him, and Said: 'I am the LORD, the God of Avraham thy father, and the God of Yitchak. The land whereon thou liest, to thee will I Give it, and to thy seed. And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south. And in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed.” Yaakov’s injury as a result of his struggle with the angel was a punishment for his lack of faith in HaShem. Due to Yaakov’s shortcomings re faith and trust in God, he could never be referred to as in a state of Shleimut in 33:18, and the verse therefore has to be interpreted as dealing with the name of a place, as opposed to describing Yaakov.
RaMBaN approaches the verses in question as reflecting Eisav’s evil intentions, Yaakov’s well-founded fears, and how the animosity between Yaakov and Eisav foreshadows the generations of Jewish history marked by persecution of Jews by the broader society. However, Yaakov will emerge from all of these tribulations in a state of “Shleimut” (wholeness).
2. The basic difference between the two approaches is whether or not Yaakov’s fears about his impending meeting with Eisav were well-founded, or an extension of his own guilt over his past actions.
3. The place of the description of the struggle with the angel between Yaakov’s prayers to HaShem for assistance against his brother, and the actual meeting is explained by RaShBaM as a means for assuring that the meeting would take place, and RaMBaN as boosting Yaakov’s confidence that he will be able to withstand the hostilities and persecutions that lie in store both in the short- and long-term.
Gimel.
1. The difficulty that the commentaries attempt to explain is the apparent redundancy in the terminology—isn’t is obvious that when someone is deeply frightened, he will be disturbed as well?
2. RaShI reflects the dilemma of the righteous warrior, who even if entitled to protect himself at the expense of his attacker’s life, in the spirit of HaBa LeHargecha, Kam VeHargo (one who comes to kill you, rise up and kill him [first]), nevertheless is troubled by having taken a life.4 Consequently, not only does Yaakov worry about losing his own life, but also about the measures that he may have to take in order to save himself and those closest to him. (A similar interpretation attributes this sentiment to Avraham in Beraishit 15:1 :
After these things the Word of the LORD Came unto Avram in a vision, saying: 'Fear not, Avram, I Am thy Shield, thy reward shall be exceeding great.'
RaShI d.h. Achar HaDevarim HaEileh
…After a miracle was performed on his behalf that he killed the kings [despite being overwhelmingly outnumbered], he worried and said, “Lest I received reward due to my righteousness” [thereby diminishing any future reward that was in store for him]. Therefore HaShem Said to him, “Fear not, Avram. I Am thy Shield” from the punishment, that you should not be punished for all of the people that you killed [even though Avraham took up arms for no other reason than to gain freedom for his nephew Lot, assuredly a Mitzva]. And with respect to your concern that you have received your reward, ‘thy reward shall be exceedingly great.’”)
3. RaShI: Yaakov’s concerns had to do with the physical realities of being killed and killing.
RaDaK: Yaakov was concerned only about whether he personally would survive.
HaEmek Davar: Yaakov realized from reflecting upon his internal state of mind that true danger lay before him.
4. See the end of answer 2 above.
(ז) וַאֲבִיכֶן הֵתֶל בִּי וְהֶחֱלִף אֶת־מַשְׂכֻּרְתִּי עֲשֶׂרֶת מֹנִים וְלֹא־נְתָנוֹ אֱלֹקים לְהָרַע עִמָּדִי:
רמב"ן
(ז) ואביכן התל בי והחליף את משכורתי - זה היה אמת, ואם לא ספרו הכתוב מתחלה, וכן אמר לו ותחלף את משכורתי עשרת מונים (להלן פסוק מא), וכזה במקומות רבים בתורה. ובפרשה הזאת למעלה לא ספרשנתנה לאה את הדודאים לרחל:
2 But God Came to Avimelech in a dream of the night, and said to him: 'Behold, thou shalt die, because of the woman whom thou hast taken; for she is a man's wife.'
3 And God Came to Lavan the Aramean in a dream of the night, and said unto him: 'Take heed to thyself that thou speak not to Yaakov either good or bad.'
4 A Halachic manifestation of this principle disqualifies a Kohen from serving in the Beit HaMikdash had he killed another, even in self-defense. See Shulchan Aruch, Orech Chayim 128:35.
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